It is possible to identify leaves by their shape, edging, size and patterns. Some deciduous trees have tree leaves that are heart, ovoid, rounded, lanceolate, and triangular shapes. Evergreen coniferous trees have leaves that look like needles or clusters of scales.

Leaf type, shape, appearance, texture and colour are all key characteristics when identifying trees. They are also often the most obvious feature, particularly in spring and summer. The needles and scales of conifers are also considered types of leaves.

Get hold of a leaf, examine it closely and note the shape of the leaf, its size and colour and whether it is toothed or smooth edged. Note the veins visible on the underside – how many are there on each side of the main rib and are they straight or curved. Is the leaf lobed or split into leaflets.

When identifying tree leaves, observe their arrangement on the stem—either in pairs (opposite) or staggered (alternate)—and note whether they are simple or compound. Leaf margins, or edges, can be classified as lobed, toothed, or entire. Maple and Oak trees, for example, have lobed leaves.

There are three basic leaf types: needles, scales and broadleaf. Most evergreens have needles or scales, while most broadleaf trees are deciduous, meaning they drop their leaves when dormant. However, there are exceptions. Larch has green needles that turn color in fall and drop off the tree.