Layers 7 through 4 are geared more to the application than the lower layers, which are designed to move packets from one place to another no matter what they contain. This top layer defines the ...

The Transport Layer, or Layer 4 of the OSI model, is where the magic happens in network communication. It's like a traffic controller, managing the flow of data between devices. It uses protocols ...

Abstract: This chapter defines each of the Open Systems Interconnection reference model (OSI model) layers using hands‐on labs and theory. The OSI model is a reference model used to define how data ...

which resides at layers 3 and 4. To understand network communications, it is essential to learn about the protocol layers (see OSI model). The IP layer 3 breaks apart the data being transmitted ...