Several imaging modalities beyond traditional angiography are available for imaging the peripheral arterial tree in patients with PAD. These imaging modalities have evolved and have been refined ...

Diagnostic measures. Despite the availability of electronic gadgetry and sophisticated angiography, the diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic disease of the lower extremities can generally be made ...

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease is a condition that develops ... Doctors may also use imaging tests such as angiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the location and the ...

[18] Palpation of peripheral pulses should be a routine ... an evaluation with a duplex ultrasound or a magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) may be valuable. Duplex ultrasound can directly visualize ...