Under fluoroscopic guidance, a needle is inserted through the sacral hiatus. Over a guidewire a dilator is used to create a working channel through which a flexible endoscope can be steered into the ...

The caudal block used the loss of resistance method via the sacral hiatus, and the splash block, or local instillation, was administered to the surgical site. The pain scores at 10, 30 and 60 minutes ...