His energy elements had to have a definite size – the product of the frequency under consideration and a constant h, today known as Planck’s quantum of action. Planck succeeded in deriving a radiation ...

That concept, which came to be known as Hawking radiation, explained how energy and even matter could escape the immense gravitational pull of a black hole. On Wednesday, Hawking died at the age ...

It does this by emitting a high energy electromagnetic wave called a gamma ray. Gamma radiation does not consist of particles but as short wavelength, high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted ...