Background: It is important to deal with the scapula when developing rehabilitation strategies for the shoulder complex. This requires clinical measurement tools that are readily available and easy to ...

Background The scapula has an important role for mobility and functional stability in the shoulder joint. The invasive methods of scapula tracking cannot be performed in clinical practice and the ...

- Depression – The scapula move in an inferior direction. - Upward Rotation– The inferior angle of the scapula moves in a superior-lateral direction such that the glenoid fossa faces upward.

Scapular motions: downward/upward rotation, posterior tilt/anterior tilt and internal rotation/external rotation. Glenohumeral motion: internal rotation of the humerus on the scapula.