Like Khubilai Khan’s great invasion fleets of the thirteenth century, the Spanish Armada sent by King Phillip II against England in 1588 is legendary not only for its size and power, but also ...

The Sixteenth Century Journal, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Winter, 1988), pp. 621-641 (21 pages) The necessity for secrecy in planning and launching the Armada was considered imperative by the Spanish government.