and the extent to which models of the actor take into account known basal ganglia anatomy and physiology. To complement the efforts to relate basal ganglia mechanisms to reinforcement learning, we ...

Actions are not mediated solely by cortical processes but rely on communication within basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops. Speech is one example, although how the basal ganglia participate in this ...

Previous studies have found volume reductions in the basal ganglia portions of these ... therapies have long-term effects on the structure and function of these circuits.